patent data in the context of S&T measurement, and recommendations for the compilation and interpretation of patent … indicators in this context. It aims to show what patent statistics can and cannot be used for, and how to count patents in order … to maximize information on S&T activities while minimizing statistical noise and biases. Finally, it describes how patent …

Few topics in the life sciences today provoke as much debate as the availability of patent protection on "genetic … that despite sometimes controversial licensing practices the patent system has broadly achieved what is intended. The …

Few systematic economic evaluations have been carried out on patent system to better inform policy choices. This report …