Technological change and financial deregulation have dramatically globalised financial markets. Financial firms have developed innovative financial instruments, such as swaps and derivatives, to meet the often different global demand of investors and borrowers and have organised themselves to...

The support that governments provide to their industrial producers has been a growing source of concern. Much of that support is provided by governments through the financial system, either in the form of below‑market borrowings or below-market equity. To better understand the nature and scale...

Summary of main themes : Reform principles ; Exit strategy principles -- Priorities for reforming incentives in financial markets: Strengthen the regulatory framework ; Focus on integrity and transparency in financial markets ; Strengthen capital adequacy rules ; Strengthen understanding of how...