This paper was prepared as a background note for a discussion held in December 2014 by the OECD Competition Committee on Intellectual Property and Standard Setting. It focuses on SEPs, FRAND licensing commitments and the use of injunctions as well as competition implications, and possible...

Standards in competition policy, such as the consumer welfare standard or the protecting competition standard, are the subject of considerable debate. This paper considers the relative advantages and disadvantages of alternative standards by first identifying their desirable attributes and then...

The Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) is a cross-country measure of discrimination against women in social institutions. Discriminatory social institutions intersect across all stages of girls’ and women’s life, restricting their access to justice, rights and empowerment...

This paper revisits barriers to exit, explores their different definitions in the literature and identifies what these have in common. It then analyses the different ways in which such barriers to exit can affect allocative efficiency and competition while assessing their impacts by looking at...