This report examines the economic principles for efficient systems of taxation and provides a framework for international comparisons of transport taxes and charges. It investigates the price and tax changes likely to result from the reform of transport charges to maximise efficiency, and their...

Large-scale port projects have irreversible effects on land use and multiple impacts on the local economy and local community. They affect the way that the regional and national economy operates as a whole, with major impacts on regional transport systems. Port planners make better decisions...

Container transport refers to the transportation of goods in standardized re-sealable transportation boxes by rail and sea. Data are expressed in tons and twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU). TEU is based on a container of 20 foot length (6.10 m) providing a standardised measure of containers of...

The terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001 revealed the need to re-examine the security of transport systems. In this context, maritime shipping containers have emerged as an area of particular concern for transport authorities.Until now, initiatives to enhance security in container transport...