wholesale markets. But low demand elasticity, mainly the result of a lack of incentives and consumers’ inability to control … demand, means that consumer behaviour is not reflected in the cost of energy. This study analyses the impact of price …-responsive demand and shows how pricing, policy and technology can be used to inform consumer behaviour and choice. …

has led to open markets, where supply and demand are balanced by the market. In the gas sector, supply is capacity …This book analyses the most recent developments in security of gas supply and reliability in all IEA regions. Reform …-bound and large parts of the demand side are inelastic. The study looks at how governments and other stakeholders in IEA …

All countries need vaccines but not all can produce them. Vaccine production is highly specialised, subject to … administer COVID-19 vaccines. It focuses on the international aspects of the vaccine supply chain, discussing the sourcing …, production, distribution and need to expedite international border crossing and transportation (including in the context of the …