World energy demand is surging. Oil, coal and natural gas still meet most global energy needs, creating serious … implications for the environment. One result is that CO2 emissions, the principal cause of global warming, are rising. This new … study underlines the close link between efforts to ensure energy security and those to mitigate climate change. Decisions on …

complexity. A particularly challenging form of support is energy inputs offered to industrial producers at below-market prices … companies and their subsidiaries operating in energy-intensive industries, namely aluminium smelting, steelmaking, chemicals … (including fertilisers), and cement. Most of the energy subsidies identified appear to concern the provision of natural gas and …

This paper takes stock of one year of policy responses to the 2022/2023 energy crisis triggered by Russia's war of … transition. Overall, while emergency measures were initially centred on energy-intensive sectors, a larger number of SMEs was … Ukraine. Going forward, as wholesale energy prices return to pre-war levels, price-support measures should be withdrawn …