Waste is generated at all stages of human activities : during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the consumption of final products, etc. Municipal waste is only about 10% of total waste, but its management and treatment often...

CO2 emissions from energy production and consumption are a major contributor to climate change.  Thus, stabilising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by reducing these emissions is an increasingly urgent international necessity.  Carbon capture and storage (CCS) represents one of the most...