In recent years the scope for near perfect price discrimination, particularly in the digital economy, appears to have grown. This raises a question over how those jurisdictions in which exploitative price discrimination is an offence will respond. In contrast, the risk of price discrimination...

This paper explores excessive prices at the intersection between competition law and regulated sectors such as pharma. It was prepared as a background note for the OECD Competition Committee roundtable on “Excessive pricing in pharmaceuticals”, which took place in November 2018.

This Test Guideline describes an assay that assesses early life-stage effects and potential adverse consequences of putative endocrine disrupting chemicals (e.g. oestrogens, androgens and steroidogenesis inhibitors) on fish sexual development. In the test, fish are exposed, from newly fertilized...

This Test Guideline is designed to assess the toxicity of substances to freshwater aquatic plants of the genus Lemna (duckweed). Exponentially growing plant cultures of the genus Lemna (Lemna gibba and Lemna minor usually) are allowed to grow as monocultures in, at least, five concentrations of...

This Test Guideline describes the procedure for the electronic determination of pH of an undiluted aqueous solution or dispersion, the pH of a dilution of a solution or dispersion in water, or the pH of a chemical diluted to end-use concentration. It also describes procedures to determine acid...

Dans une période de restriction budgétaire, les pouvoirs publics recherchent des moyens plus efficaces et moins onéreux pour assurer les services de pêcheries. Combien dépensent les gouvernements pour la gestion des pêcheries ? Qui paie pour les services de gestion des pêcheries ? Qui...