Academic inventions are becoming a more important source of technological innovation and a basis for new business start-ups. Universities and other public research organisations (PROs) are racing to patent and license inventions and other forms of intellectual property such as software

This report analyses academic research careers, with a focus on the “research precariat”, defined as postdoctoral researchers holding fixed-term positions without permanent or continuous employment prospects. It identifies policies and practices that aim to improve researchers’ well-being,...