Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of this century. Due to the urgency of the issue and the pressure on governments to act, the debate on climate change is moving quickly from the political level to focused conversations on policy choices and implementation options. This...

This paper explores the relationship between competition law and economic regulation from the angle of competition enforcement. It was prepared as background for a discussion on Competition enforcement and regulatory alternatives held in June 2021.

This paper considers the relationship between fines for cartels and generalised harm or corporate benefit, showing that the deterrent effect of fines is based on their relationship to corporate benefit. It also considers how knowing the amount of harm or corporate benefit can help to ensure...

This paper was prepared as a background note for a discussion held at the 2015 OECD Global Forum on Competition on disruptive innovation and competition law enforcement. It introduces and describes the topic and explores how competition policy is affected.

Waste is generated at all stages of human activities : during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the consumption of final products, etc. Municipal waste is only about 10% of total waste, but its management and treatment often...