complexity. A particularly challenging form of support is energy inputs offered to industrial producers at below-market prices … companies and their subsidiaries operating in energy-intensive industries, namely aluminium smelting, steelmaking, chemicals … (including fertilisers), and cement. Most of the energy subsidies identified appear to concern the provision of natural gas and …

Mind the Gap is an unprecedented attempt to quantify the size of one of the most pervasive barriers to energy … provides energy analysts and economists with unique insights into the amount of energy affected by principal-agent problems …-use appliances) from five different IEA countries, the analysis identifies over 3 800 PJ/year of affected energy use – that is …

World energy demand is surging. Oil, coal and natural gas still meet most global energy needs, creating serious … study underlines the close link between efforts to ensure energy security and those to mitigate climate change. Decisions on … one side affect the other. To optimise the efficiency of their energy policy, OECD countries must consider energy security …