The Istanbul Anti-Corruption Action Plan (IAP) is a sub-regional ACN programme of mutual reviews which involves nine countries. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russia, Tajikistan and Ukraine joined this initiative at the ACN General Meeting in September 2003 in Istanbul, Turkey. Kyrgyzstan joined...

The production and sales dataset contains industrial statistics on four separate subjects: production, sales, orders and work started. Production, data are shown for total industry, manufacturing, energy and construction. Sales data include data on retail trade and registration of passenger...

The production and sales dataset contains industrial statistics on four separate subjects: production, sales, orders and work started. Production, data are shown for total industry, manufacturing, energy and construction. Sales data include data on retail trade and registration of passenger...

While the rapid development of vaccines against COVID‑19 is an extraordinary achievement, successfully vaccinating the global population presents many challenges, from production to distribution, deployment, and importantly, acceptance. Trust in the vaccines is vital, and is critically...

All countries need vaccines but not all can produce them. Vaccine production is highly specialised, subject to comparative advantages, and concentrated in few countries, making trade a vital means to deploying vaccines broadly. Keeping markets open by reducing tariffs, streamlining trade-related...

This brief discusses policies needed to ensure equitable and universal access by all those in need globally to future vaccines for SARS-Cov-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, and treatments for the disease. It provides a snapshot of the vaccine and drug candidates in the current R&D pipeline. It...

The goods needed to vaccinate, protect and test during the COVID-19 pandemic are produced across many different countries. This brief tells the tale of three products ‒ vaccines, face masks and tests ‒ and highlights the role of trade in the fight against COVID-19. International markets and...

Pharmaceutical household waste from expired or unused medicine does not only offer zero therapeutic benefit, but also contributes to environmental pollution when disposed of via improper routes. Medicines discarded in sinks and flushed down toilets enter sewage waters and, if not filtered out,...