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This report examines the relationship between the prices for mobile communication services and some of the most popular handsets used to access these services, focusing on smartphones. The objective is to better understand different business models and how they may affect comparisons of prices....
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009775519
The public procurement Directives only apply if a body is a contracting authority (contracting entity in the Utilities sector) within the definition of the Directives. SIGMA Brief 3 gives guidance on the notion of a contracting authority/entity under the directives (especially the concept of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012454229
The EU Public Procurement Directives only apply to contracts of a value that meet or exceed the relevant EU financial … threshold. Below threshold contracts are not covered by the procurement Directives. However, below threshold contracts comprise … the vast majority of contracts awarded by contracting authorities and are therefore of great importance in all EU member …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012454458
contests. Some contracts will often contain elements of one or more of the 3 types of contract. The Directives contain specific …The EU Public Procurement Directives cover three main types of contract: works, supplies and services including design … rules that are used to classify these mixed contracts. A number of contracts are entirely excluded from the scope of the …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012454698
When a contracting authority enters into a contract with an economic operator, the arrangement cannot just be left to … obligations. Contracts are frequently complex, may involve multiple actors, may last a long time and may consume many resources …. It is therefore vital that they are properly managed. SIGMA Brief 22 first describes the process of contract management …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012454909
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10000879732
The retail sector is of paramount importance across OECD countries. It operates as a gateway to consumers from upstream sectors, accounts for almost 5% of GDP, and employs about 1 in 12 workers. COVID-19 has dramatically disrupted the sector, with the shock differing massively between...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012512008
CO2 emissions from energy production and consumption are a major contributor to climate change. Thus, stabilising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by reducing these emissions is an increasingly urgent international necessity. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) represents one of the most...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012447704
Digitalisation has triggered a profound transformation of the retail sector, primarily composed of SMEs. While retail businesses are embracing more hybrid practices of managing online and brick-and-mortar channels, getting more traditional SME retailers fit for the hybrid era could open up new...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014324641
CO2 emissions from energy production and consumption are a major contributor to climate change.  Thus, stabilising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere by reducing these emissions is an increasingly urgent international necessity.  Carbon capture and storage (CCS) represents one of the most...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015054622