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This document was developed to serve as guidance for information requirements for the regulation of Invertebrates as … for the regulation of IBCAs, including insects, mites and nematodes. In developing this regulatory approach for IBCAs, the …
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corruption and fraud during emergencies. It builds on lessons learnt from recent emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, to … stock of the challenges law enforcement practitioners face in detecting, investigating and prosecuting corruption and fraud …
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The EU Public Procurement Directives only apply to contracts of a value that meet or exceed the relevant EU financial threshold. Below threshold contracts are not covered by the procurement Directives. However, below threshold contracts comprise the vast majority of contracts awarded by...
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When a contracting authority enters into a contract with an economic operator, the arrangement cannot just be left to run. It must be managed to enable both the contracting authority and the economic operator to meet their contractual obligations. Contracts are frequently complex, may involve...
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International anti-corruption treaties, including the UN Convention against Corruption, require member states to … establish two types of anti-corruption institutions - one to prevent corruption and the other to combat corruption through law … enforcement. The treaties also establish standards for such anti-corruption institutions - they should be independent, specialized …
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