Ten years into the transition, newly emerging private enterprises in transition economies, usually described as small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the international context, have come to play an increasingly important role as the driving engines of economic growth and employment...

Das vorliegende Buch untersucht die Finanzierung neuer Privatunternehmen in den Transformationsländern. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei kleine und mittelständische Unternehmen und ihre Möglichkeiten auf den Kapitalmärkten. Ob und in welchem Umfang der Staat diesen Unternehmen durch Kredite und...

This report examines innovative mechanisms that can help attract new financial resources into water and sanitation services. In particular, it focuses on mobilizing market-based repayable financing (such as loans, bonds and equity) as a way of bridging the financial gap to meet the water-related...

This report examines innovative mechanisms that can help attract new financial resources into water and sanitation services. In particular, it focuses on mobilising market-based repayable financing (such as loans, bonds and equity) as a way of bridging the financial gap to meet the water-related...

Many countries have recognised that greater use of nuclear power could play a valuable role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. However, given the high capital cost and complexity of nuclear power plants, financing their construction often remains a challenge. This is especially true where...

The non-financial corporations' debt to surplus ratio provides an indication of the capacity of non-financial corporations to meet the cost of interest and debt repayments with the operational profits generated. Debt is calculated as the sum the following liability categories: currency and...

The debt-to-equity ratio is a measure of a corporation's financial leverage, and shows to which degree companies finance their activities with equity or with debt. It is calculated by dividing the total amount of debt of financial corporations by the total amount of equity liabilities (including...