Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems, as well as in the management of the projects concerned. This indicator is measured in per 1 000 people employed and in number of researchers; the data are available as...

Academic inventions are becoming a more important source of technological innovation and a basis for new business start-ups. Universities and other public research organisations (PROs) are racing to patent and license inventions and other forms of intellectual property such as software

Universities are key elements in the science systems in all OECD countries. However, university research in OECD countries is currently the object of considerable tensions in a context of globalisation, reduced budgets and a changing interface with industry. How can universities adapt to this...

This publication sheds light on the issues now facing today’s universities as they confront the increasing pressure to “produce” research to keep the competitive edge. Drawing on eight case studies, the report focuses on four key themes: The growing significance of the research mission to...