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Meat consumption
OECD - 20XX
output prices. Meat demand is associated with higher incomes and a shift - due to urbanisation - to food consumption changes …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10013525333
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Why Do Countries Import Fakes? : Linkages and Correlations with Main Socio-Economic Indicators
OECD; Europäische Union / Amt für Geistiges Eigentum - 2023
This report looks at the demand for counterfeit goods and identifies its key drivers. It discusses the specificity of … the demand for counterfeit goods, including both deliberate and unintentional demand. Indeed, some consumers will …-economic factors, in particular, influencing the demand for counterfeit and pirated goods is crucial to help policymakers develop …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10014435982
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Algorithms and Collusion: Competition Policy in the Digital Age
OECD - 2017
This paper discusses some of the challenges algorithms present for both competition law enforcement and market regulation. In particular, the paper addresses the question of whether antitrust agencies should revise the traditional concepts of agreement and tacit collusion for antitrust purposes,...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015081956
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Algorithmic Competition
OECD - 2023
Companies increasingly use algorithms to set prices and create or enhance new products and services. While algorithms can result in many efficiency-enhancing and pro-competitive effects, they can also be used by firms to restrict competition. Competition authorities should be aware of these...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015082194
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Consumer Welfare Standards - Advantages and Disadvantages Compared to Alternative Standards
OECD - 2023
Standards in competition policy, such as the consumer welfare standard or the protecting competition standard, are the subject of considerable debate. This paper considers the relative advantages and disadvantages of alternative standards by first identifying their desirable attributes and then...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10015082074
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Test No. 234: Fish Sexual Development Test
2011
This Test Guideline describes an assay that assesses early life-stage effects and potential adverse consequences of putative endocrine disrupting chemicals (e.g. oestrogens, androgens and steroidogenesis inhibitors) on fish sexual development. In the test, fish are exposed, from newly fertilized...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012442297
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Test No. 221: Lemna sp. Growth Inhabition Test
2006
This Test Guideline is designed to assess the toxicity of substances to freshwater aquatic plants of the genus Lemna (duckweed). Exponentially growing plant cultures of the genus Lemna (Lemna gibba and Lemna minor usually) are allowed to grow as monocultures in, at least, five concentrations of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012443826
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Test No. 122: Determination of pH, Acidity and Alkalinity
2013
This Test Guideline describes the procedure for the electronic determination of pH of an undiluted aqueous solution or dispersion, the pH of a dilution of a solution or dispersion in water, or the pH of a chemical diluted to end-use concentration. It also describes procedures to determine acid...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012450461
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Oil dependence : is transport running out of affordable fuel? ; Round Table 139 ; [15 - 16 November 2007]
Round Table on Transport Economics <139, 2007, Paris> - 2008
Oil consumption is increasingly concentrated in transport and relatively limited fluctuations in transport demand can …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10003721798
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The Power to Choose : Demand Response in Liberalised Electricity Markets
2003
wholesale markets. But low demand elasticity, mainly the result of a lack of incentives and consumers’ inability to control … demand, means that consumer behaviour is not reflected in the cost of energy. This study analyses the impact of price …-responsive demand and shows how pricing, policy and technology can be used to inform consumer behaviour and choice. …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10012440858