This Glossary explains the key elements required to classify corruption as a criminal act, according to three major … Transactions; (2) the Council of Europe’s Criminal Law Convention on Corruption; and (3) the United Nation’s Convention against … Corruption. The Glossary examines and elaborates on the requirements of the conventions and explains how they can be effectively …

Commodity trading presents specific and heightened risks of corruption due to the large amount of money involved in … companies) and joint ventures with politically exposed persons (PEPs). This report maps out corruption risks of cross … raising awareness of corruption red flags and evolving corruption patterns across a wide range of stakeholders, including home …

the economic and social life of their citizens. The cost of corruption to governments is increasingly well known and … documented. It is now widely recognised that countering corruption and promoting public integrity are critical for sustained … economic development. Corruption, however, is not a cause but a consequence: as much the result of systemic failure as …