Stimulus packages adopted following the COVID-19 pandemic – such as the US Inflation Reduction Act and NextGenerationEU - have been presented as an opportunity to "build back better" and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy while re-igniting the economy. But this revival of...

The Government budget appropriations or outlays for R&D includes statistics on Government appropriations or outlays of R&D by socio-economic objective (SEO), using the NABS 2007 classification i.e: exploration and exploitation of the earth, environment, exploration and exploitation of space,...

The aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis has meant a significant number of countries have cut public spending on education. Despite GDP rising in most OECD countries between 2009 and 2010, public expenditure on educational institutions fell in one-third of them. Teachers’ salaries were...

Domestic product covers different indicators of national accounts with a focus on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). GDP is the standard measure of the value of final goods and services produced by a country during a period minus the value of imports. While GDP is the single most important indicator...

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a significant deterioration in public finances, adding to pre-existing strains from long-term structural challenges including population ageing, climate change, rising inequality, digitalisation and automation. This report, originally prepared for G20 Finance...