Interest can be defined as the price paid by the borrower for the use of funds saved by the lender and the compensation to the lender for deferring expenditures. This compensation comprises two elements, namely a payment equal to the loss of purchasing power of the principal during the term of...

Discussions on Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) have so far mostly focused on the potential risks that these currencies could represent for financial intermediation and financial stability. It is important, however, to also consider how they could contribute to the welfare of citizens,...

This paper sets out: (i) the principles underpinning debt management policy in the UK; (ii) the key factors influencing annual issuance decisions; and (iii) how some of those factors require judgements to be made in determining appropriate trade-offs. Key factors influencing annual issuance...

Monetary aggregates are the money circulating in an economy to satisfy its current monetary needs. There are two indicators for monetary aggregates collected by the OECD: "narrow money" (M1); a means of exchange and "broad money" (M3); a way to store value. Monetary aggregates are measured as a...

Short-term interest rates are the rates at which short-term borrowings are effected between financial institutions or the rate at which short-term government paper is issued or traded in the market. Short-term interest rates are generally averages of daily rates, measured as a percentage....

Long-term interest rates forecast refers to projected values of government bonds maturing in ten years. It is measured as a percentage. Forecast data are calculated by making an overall assessment of the economic climate in individual countries and the world economy as a whole, using a...

The multidimensional and intergenerational nature of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) calls for integrated policies. Progress made in a particular social, economic or environmental area or individual goal may generate synergies and...

This report assesses the linkages between foreign direct investment (FDI) and domestic small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Slovak Republic. It provides policy recommendations to national and subnational governments on how to foster productivity and innovation spillovers from FDI to...