This paper outlines the findings of a simulation analysis that assesses the extent of the potential rise in bank NPLs, taking into consideration assumptions under extensive monetary and fiscal support versus a scenario without continued support measures in keeping with conditions that prevailed...

Access to trade finance, i.e. financial instruments and means of payments for international transactions, can enable SME engagement in international activities through direct exporting and participation in global value chains, and ultimately foster inclusive economic growth and innovation. The...

The sheer volume of debt hanging over Asian companies suggests that corporate insolvency should remain a top policy concern.  This, despite signs of improvement resulting from dramatic regulatory overhauls that followed the 1997-1998 Asian financial crisis.  Moreover, the absence of widespread...