Global demand for materials has been growing over the past century, driven by a steady economic growth in OECD countries, the industrialisation of emerging economies and a growing world population. At the global level, materials use more than doubled between 1990 and 2017, and it is projected to...

Pollution from transport is being cut substantially through exhaust emissions regulations and vehicle manufacturers’ investments in cleaner technologies. The benefits of these improvements, however, are delayed as car fleet renewal takes a decade on average in Europe. Car scrappage schemes can...