outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and …

measured by the dynamic relationship between research and development and U.S. patents granted. They confirm at the country … property rights, and in some specifications, the quality of research institutions and their interaction with the private sector …, affect the transformation of research and development into patents. "--World Bank web site …

How much Indonesia spends on research and development (R and D) financing, where it spends it, and how it spends it …'s policy aims. For the most part this PER will concentrate on the public R and D system, that is, the institutions and research …

proceedings of a conference on human genetic research databases. It examines what they are and provides a number of examples. It …

The Frascati Manual, issued in 1994, is the basic international source of methodology for collecting and using research …