outputs is patents. The main variables related to innovation inputs are investment in research and development (R&D) and …

measured by the dynamic relationship between research and development and U.S. patents granted. They confirm at the country … property rights, and in some specifications, the quality of research institutions and their interaction with the private sector …, affect the transformation of research and development into patents. "--World Bank web site …

The Frascati Manual, issued in 1994, is the basic international source of methodology for collecting and using research …

discussion concentrating our research on political institutions and their effect on the non-income dimensions of human … performance of democracy is rather independent of the circumstances. However, democracy leads to more redistribution in favor of …