and in a benchmark market economy (Western part of Germany). The first hypothesis (H1) is that unemployment is caused by …

"Using 2005 firm level data for 26 countries in Eastern and Central Europe, this paper estimates performance gaps …

areas in transition countries in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union, providing particular attention to the …

resources. This paper examines the role and sources of hidden costs in the energy and water sectors in the Europe and Central …

framework in which firms operate. This paper aims to improve our understanding of the business environment of the Europe and …

"Massive privatizations of housing in Europe and Central Asia transition countries have significantly reduced rental …

political challenges related to these reforms, including impacts of reforms and political economy constraints. This toolkit … shares lessons and research tools developed during analyses of energy tariff and subsidy reforms in ECA. In FY13-FY14 alone …, the World Bank has been involved in providing guidance to over fourteen countries in the Europe and Central Asia (ECA …

Europe and Central Asia have suffered a setback in economic growth because of the recent global crisis, which revealed …

The climate is changing; and the Europe and Central Asia (ECA) region is vulnerable to the consequences. Many of the …