how students use learning time, both in and out of school. What are the ideal conditions to ensure that students use their … learning time efficiently? What can schools do to maximise the learning that occurs during the limited amount of time students … spend in class? In what kinds of lessons does learning time reap the most benefits? And how can this be determined? The …

equity in the distribution of learning opportunities. Following an Introduction to PISA and a Reader's Guide helping users …