Water is vital for human and economic development, and for maintaining ecosystems. However, billions of people lack … access to water and sanitation services, mainly due to poor governance and inadequate investment and maintenance. The … situation is becoming more urgent due to increasing pressure, competition and even conflict over the use of water resources. The …

of the test chemical in sediment-water systems. The test starts by placing first instar larvae into the test beakers … containing the sediment-water system and subsequently spiking the test substance into the water. Chironomid emergence and …

sediment-water systems. The test substance is spiked into the water or alternatively the sediment, and first instar larvae are … subsequently introduced into test beakers in which the sediment and water concentrations have been stabilised. Chironomid emergence …

This Test guideline describes studies on phototransformation in water to determine the potential effects of solar … irradiation on chemicals in surface water, considering direct photolysis only. It is designed as a tiered approach. The Tier 1 is … the 290 to 800 nm, or sunlight irradiation, and extrapolated to natural water. If estimated losses are superior or equal …

sectors: electricity, water, rail freight, urban mass transit and road transport. It proposes policy recommendations that aim …