Few topics in the life sciences today provoke as much debate as the availability of patent protection on "genetic … inventions". Some hold that protection is essential to encourage innovation and development of new products. Others argue that … that despite sometimes controversial licensing practices the patent system has broadly achieved what is intended. The …

innovation. The case studies cover abatement technologies for wastewater effluent from pulp production, abatement of motor … vehicle emissions, and development of renewable energy technologies. On the basis of patent data, the nature, extent, and … causes of innovation in each of these areas have been explored. While a particular focus has been placed on the role of …

Analysts and policy makers have made increasing use of patent indicators to analyse the rate and direction of … technological activity. The Patents Manual, issued in 1994, provides information on how patent data can be used as indicators, and …

The Oslo Manual is the foremost international source of guidelines for the collection and use of data on innovation … activities in industry. This third edition has been updated to take account of the progress made in understanding the innovation … process, the experience gained from the previous round of innovation surveys, the extension of the field of investigation to …

innovation to meet global food security and climate change challenges. The conference considered developments in institutional … frameworks, public and private roles and partnerships, regulatory frameworks conducive to innovation, the adoption of innovations …

Few systematic economic evaluations have been carried out on patent system to better inform policy choices. This report …