patents and licensing on development and access to genetic technology. The workshop drew on empirical studies and concluded …Few topics in the life sciences today provoke as much debate as the availability of patent protection on "genetic … inventions". Some hold that protection is essential to encourage innovation and development of new products. Others argue that …

technological activity. The Patents Manual, issued in 1994, provides information on how patent data can be used as indicators, and …Analysts and policy makers have made increasing use of patent indicators to analyse the rate and direction of … also shows how these can be linked to other statistics on science, technology and economic activity (R&D, scientific …

Few systematic economic evaluations have been carried out on patent system to better inform policy choices. This report … markets for technology, patenting by public reserach organisations, biotechnology, and software and services. …