Exactly what constitutes bank input and output has not yet been settled. Some argue that deposit liabilities and earning assets are outputs as they represent the capacity of services banks can perform. A number of economists, however, assert that only earning assets can be considered as outputs...

The failure of the tertiary education to respond to the manpower needs of a technologically changing environment has been the concern of most social scientists. The inabilities to deliver higher education to a wider base and the deterioration of academic standards have been plaguing the...

R&D is crucial in a country’s development process. Yet some economic agents are hesitant in pursing it not only because of the risks and costs associated with it but also because of high incidence of spillover, which are usually difficult to appropriate. Hence, to mobilize the R&D activities,...

The Philippine credit cooperatives have grown in financial resources and membership over the last three decades. These cooperatives are self-reliant and self-sustaining. This paper is an attempt to assess the importance and potential impact of any further sectoral development and to identify...

This paper puts together the key results and insights of various papers written under the project “Study on Public and Private Expenditure on Research and Development (R&D)”. It devotes a section that deals with the problem in the present context. In addition, it provides statistical...

Exactly what constitutes bank input and output has not yet been settled. Some argue that deposit liabilities and earning assets are outputs as they represent the capacity of services banks can perform. A number of economists, however, assert that only earning assets can be considered as outputs...

The failure of the tertiary education to respond to the manpower needs of a technologically changing environment has been the concern of most social scientists. The inabilities to deliver higher education to a wider base and the deterioration of academic standards have been plaguing the...

This paper estimates the rate of return in investment in three major sectors: primary sectors which include manufacturing, construction and utilities, industry sectors which include construction and utilities and service sectors which include transportation, trade and finance. The estimates are...

Recent literature indicates the significant role played by rural infrastructure in improving agricultural productivity in developing economies. While the availability and quality of rural infrastructure are never substitutes to efficient macroeconomic and agriculture-specific policies and the...

Developing countries, still heavily dependent on agriculture, must now harness biotechnology to modernize agricultural production and diversify product outputs. The Philippines was one of the first Asian countries to establish a biotechnology research and development program. However, not much...