Showing 1 - 10 of 42
This paper provides a detailed explanation how the law of the World Trade Organization regulates environmental subsidies with a focus on renewable energy subsidies. The paper begins by discussing the economic justifications for such subsidies and the criticisms of them and then gives examples of...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10011099942
The Kyoto Protocol has not only created carbon emission reduction obligations for industrialized countries, but also opportunities for the private sector to participate in its "flexible mechanisms". One of these mechanisms is Joint Implementation, which allows private legal entities to engage in...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008622077
The human right to freedom of religion (HRFR) at the international level is a deeply contested concept and is interpreted in radically different ways in the respective historical constitutional instruments of the US and Europe. It is, for example, embedded in the First Amendment of the American...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010857545
The late twentieth century witnessed significant shifts in the institutions and processes of governance in most members states of the OECD, as direct provision (sometimes characterised as welfare state governance) was, to some degree, displaced by the rise of the regulatory state. Changes in the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008611220
European private regulation pre-existed European Community law and co-exists with it today, giving rise to different … forms of complementarity with European legislation. While in the initial stage of jus commune, a stronger role for co-regulation … regulatory State and the more recent transformations of regulatory strategies have brought up new forms of co-regulation with …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008611224
Power Exchanges (PXs) are key market institutions in open and market-based electricity industries. This paper aims at contributing to the ongoing debate on why and how to regulate Power Exchanges in the EU market integration context. . The paper starts by stating that two different types of PXs...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10008622078
When building a cross-border transmission line (a so-called interconnector) as a for-profit (merchant) project, where the regulator has required that capacity allocation be done non-discriminatorily by explicit auction, the identity of the investor can affect the profitability of the...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10009294812
This paper discusses the relevant cost standard for the economic replicability test for Next-Generation Access (NGA) networks, described in the Recommendation on Costing and Non-discrimination adopted by the European Commission. According to the Recommendation itself, in order to reconcile...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010857557
Onshore, generators are connected to the transmission grid by TSOs. This regulatory model could simply be extended to offshore (i.e. Germany), but the connection of offshore wind farms to shore is also an opportunity to test alternatives, i.e. the third party model (i.e. the UK) or the generator...
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010857576
European regulation of the media is influenced by the economic regulation of networks, contents, and e-commerce, to … which it is very close. However, media regulation has one peculiar differentiating characteristic: it cannot concentrate … only on market competition, as the rest of modern economic regulation does, but has to pursue other fundamental values. In …
Persistent link: https://www.econbiz.de/10010743541