This article provides an overview of the empirical evidence on the magnitude and determinants of equity trading costs. The focus is primarily on the trades of institutional investors.

Equity mutual funds earn large positive returns on the last day of the year, and large negative returns on the following day. The same applies on a smaller scale at quarter-ends that aren't month-ends. Empirical evidence from a variety of sources, including portfolio disclosures and intra-day...

We provide a monotonic transformation of an initial diffusion with a level-dependent diffusion parameter that yields a second, deterministic parameter process. Altering the diffusion parameter while maintaining the original Brownian motion at the expense of the drift can be viewed as a...