In the 1980’s leading commercial operators found it unnecessary to access public equity markets in order to grow, but by 1993, owners needed equity and commercial real estate finance was integrated into the mainstream of global financial markets. Publicly traded real estate companies represent...

The forces changing real estate have changed it forever, though more slowly than many thought. Nonetheless, scale and operational focus are common themes in real estate circles in a way not dreamed of ten years ago. Similarly, the emergence of substantial equity requirements continues to reshape...

Efficiency grows, in production and in operations, as size increases. This incentive has led to recent record levels of mergers, acquisitions, and global consolidation in such diverse industries as railroads, oil and gas refining, cement, steel, and brewing. The consolidation of the banking...

Tenant base and capital markets are globalizing and up to 60 percent of investment -quality real estate lies outside the U.S. In spite of this, most efforts to create global quality investment portfolios have fallen short. In major foreign markets, outsiders must possess either significant...

Space is one of the largest expenses within an organization; land and buildings are a considerable item on corporate balance sheets. European corporations have been slow to realize that real estate assets contribute to their financial performance. European managers of corporate real estate...

Created in the late 1980s to meet a pressing need for real estate equity capital, these funds have raised more than $100 billion in equity from pension funds and other investors, invested in every form of income-producing property and equity and debt as well as com-panies in homebuilding,...

We estimate there are from $10.4-$13.3 billion in annual brokerage commissions on office and industrial properties. Our estimate is based on an underlying imputation of office and industrial sector size that relies on new data that constitutes a census of properties in major markets. This is...