We look at price formation in a retail setting, that is, companies set prices, and consumers either accept prices or go someplace else. In contrast to most other models in this context, we use a two-dimensional spatial structure for information transmission, that is, consumers can only learn...

1. Introduction <p> In this paper we interlink a dynamic programming, a game theory and a behavioral simulation approach to the same problem of economic exchange. We argue that the success of mathematical economics and game theory in the study of the stationary state of a population of...</p>

Many of the applications of game theory have been to economics where the individuals under study are assumed to be maximizing profits or Òutility'' or some other conventional economic goal of Òstatus.'' Loosely stated we think of status as one's position in a society compared with others,...

The relationship between money and credit is developed in terms of "know-who" networks. It is suggested that the link between dynamics and equilibrium theory in economics can be built by regarding the noncooperative no-credit and the general equilibrium models as providing lower and upper bounds...

We study stationary Markov equilibria for strategic, competitive games, in a market-economy model with one non-durable commodity, fiat money, borrowing/lending through a central bank or a money market, and a continuum of agents. These use fiat money in order to offset random fluctuations in...

We construct explicit equilibria for strategic market games used to model an economy with fiat money, one nondurable commodity, countably many time- periods, and a continuum of agents. The total production of the commodity is a random variable that fluctuates from period to period. In each...

The basic role of fiat money in a dynamic economy is considered. Its role as a virtual asset whose store of value properties are the outcome of the dynamics is explored and the role of the limits on the money supply and the bankruptcy laws in bounding prices are considered. The actions of the...

In this paper we study the relationship between the stability of a competitive equilibrium (CE) and the price adjustment mechanism used to attain that equilibrium point. Using two specific examples, a three- commodity exchange economy with a unique competitive equilibrium (Scarf's global...

General equilibrium is timeless, and without outside money, the price system is homogeneous of order zero. Some finite horizon strategic market game models are considered with an initial issue of fiat money held as an asset. For any arbitrary finite horizon, the solution is time-dependent. In...

General equilibrium theory in economics defines the relative prices for goods and services, but does not fix the absolute values of prices. We present a theory of money in which the value of money is a time dependent "strategic variable," to be chosen by the individual agents. The idea is...