-oriented preferences. We call this strong reciprocity. We distinguish this from weak reciprocity, namely reciprocal altruism, tit … reciprocity in human society. However, where benefits and costs are measured in fitness terms and where the relevant behaviors are … governed by genetic inheritance subject to natural selection, it is generally thought that, as a form of altruism, strong …

when team members are residual claimants, some members are motivated by reciprocity norms to punish fellow members when … they shirk. We provide evidence for the behavioral relevance of reciprocity norms and we explore the effects team size and …

Reciprocity is an ancient and important social practice that evolved in very small-scale societies. In this paper we … present an abstract model of the way systems work that are organized through balanced reciprocity (Sahlins 1972:185-275). This … reciprocity as they grow in size. We then suggest that, in the late pre-Hispanic period, the eastern and western Pueblo worlds …

Strong reciprocity refers to the willingness to sacrifice one's own material self-interest to punish others for …

Simon's (1990) explanation of altruism. Simon suggested that altruistic norms, which are by definition fitness …