Botee, Hozefa M.; Bonabeau, Eric - Santa Fe Institute - 1999
, 1995) and Gambardella et al.}(1997) have proposed a remarkable optimization method, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), which … they applied to classical NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems, such as the traveling salesman problem (Lawler et al … parameters are selected using a systematic procedure. More precisely we use a genetic algorithm (Goldberg, 1989) to evolve ACO …