results - trade-weighted average tariffs generally underestimate the true height of tariffs as measured by the trade …

This paper is estimating the correlation between tariffs and growth in the late 19th century in the context of three …

as tariffs, can continue to disadvantage foreign firms. We analyze the bidding strategies in such a game and show that … when domestic profits are valued, tariffs will be used to discriminate against foreign firms. Furthermore, we find that … optimal tariffs can be more protectionist than the optimal price preference, resulting in lower expected domestic welfare and …

and tariffs to identify the responses of export participation, export rev- enue and the product dimension of exporting to … to tariffs, but this alone cannot explain the puzzle; and (iii) the revenue response of long-time market participants …