The European Constitutional Treaty (ECT) was presented by its drafters as an explicit constitution for the European Union (EU 25). A possible explanation for its rejection by the French and Dutch citizens in the course of spring 2005 is that it did not sufficiently amend the implicit...

This paper studies structural transformation of Soviet Russia in 1928-1940 from an agrarian to an industrial economy through the lens of a two-sector neoclassical growth model. We construct a large dataset that covers Soviet Russia during 1928-1940 and Tsarist Russia during 1885-1913. We use a...

Entre 1871 et 1914, la dette publique française a constamment été supérieure à 60% du PIB; elle a même dépassé 115% du PIB au milieu des années 1880, mais avait été ramenée à un peu plus de 60% du PIB à la veille de la Première guerre mondiale.La période n’est pas sans...

L’évolution des productions des industries de haute technologie montre un écart croissant, à partir de la seconde moitié des années 1990, entre la zone euro et les États-Unis, en faveur de ces derniers. En revanche, le niveau des exportations est quasiment identique actuellement. Le...

This paper analyses in what extent innovation contributes to the productivity premium of exporters. We start by performing non parametric tests on TFP distributions on different groups of firms characterized by their export and innovation behavior. We show that the TFP distributions of exporters...

This paper aims to analyse the nature of the gap in high tech industries between the United States and the EMU countries, and to investigate the link between cost competitiveness and market share in these industries. We examine the empirical evidence to ascertain whether some tentative...

We develop a simple model where exporting firms are characterized by het- erogeneous productivity and may face a liquidity constraint, which in turn is affected by exchange rate changes. This setup is used to analyze exchange rate exposure, i.e. the sensitivity of profits to exchange rate...

This paper investigates the relation between export behaviour and the exchange rate at firm level. We use a dataset of French manufacturing firms from 1994 to 2004, to study the sensitivity of firms' export intensity and probability of entering a foreign market, to the exchange rate. This large...

This paper examines the historical record of the Austro-Hungarian monetary union, focusing on its bargaining dimension. As a result of the 1867 Compromise, Austria and Hungary shared a common currency, although they were fiscally sovereign and independent entities. By using repeated threats to...

Textbook accounts of the Anglo-French trade agreement of 1860 argue that it heralded the beginning of a liberal trading order. This alleged success has much interest from a policy point of view: unlike modern GATT/WTO multilateral agreements, it rested on bilateral negotiations. But, in reality,...