including a “democratic” clause. The inclusion of such a clause can be interpreted as a political choice to promote democracy …

European Union, a future member must be a stable democracy that respects human rights, the rule of law and the protection of … minorities. The inclusion of such a clause can be interpreted as a political choice to promote democracy. But it can also be …

During the three past decades, most developing countries have opted for both a higher degree of political democracy as … well as increased trade openness. This trend raises the question of the effect of democracy on trade liberalization. To … model has led to a gravity equation so that the expected positive relation between democracy and trade can be tested …