This appendix contains the original data, constructed data, and full documentation for "Are Shocks to the Terms of Trade Shocks to Productivity?" by Timothy J. Kehoe and Kim J. Ruhl.

This paper develops a methodology for predicting the impact of trade liberalization on exports by industry (2-digit ISIC) based on the distribution of exports before the reform by product (5-digit SITC). Using the results of Kehoe and Ruhl (2009) that much of the growth in trade after trade...

The United States has borrowed heavily from the rest of the world since the early 1990s. We build a model where this borrowing is driven by foreign demand for saving – a global savings glut – that matches the dynamics of the U.S. trade balance, real exchange rate, sector-level...

We propose a model that can account for both the dynamics of the firm's exports and debt stock along its life cycle, and the short-term responses of large and small exporters to credit shocks. In our model, the demand for external credit results from two different motives: i) to finance fixed...

Using firm-level data on U.S. multinationals, we find that affiliates created for vertical FDI motives seem to be larger and fewer—both within the firm and across affiliates—while affiliates that appear to be created for horizontal FDI motives are smaller and more common. Next, we...

There is a lively debate about the impact of trade liberalization on economic growth measured as growth in real gross domestic product (GDP). Most of this literature focuses on the empirical relation between trade and growth. This paper investigates the theoretical relation between trade and...

We document new facts about the behavior of U.S. multinational firms and their affiliates regarding the product space in which they operate, the nature of their input-output relationships, and intra-firm trade flows. We use confidential data on U.S. multinational firms from the Bureau of...

We find that the sunk entry cost estimated in a model with the necessary convex factor adjustment costs are about 50 percent smaller than they are in a model without other costs of adjustment.

We investigate the theoretical relationship between trade policy and growth. We use simple versions of some of the most common international trade models to investigate a number of specific mechanisms by which trade liberalization is thought to enhance growth or productivity: improvements in the...

We examine the bilateral trade patterns of countries involved in significant trade liberalizations using detailed data on the value of trade flows by commodity. We find a striking relationship between a good's pre-liberalization share in trade and its growth subsequent to liberalization. The...