When people decide about saving and consumption across the various periods of their life time they take into account their life expectancy when comparing present and future needs and resources for satisfying them. The experimental design, applied at two sites (Humboldt-University at Berlin and...

Respondents use different ways to respond to rating scale items. Hence, item responses do not only capture the trait to be measured, but also the way respondents react to rating scales. So-called response styles have been incorporated in a variety of psychometric modeling approaches and...