-1996, using a panel of 100 countries. Relying on the nonparametric poolability test of Baltagi et al. (1996), we find evidence of … structural stability of the relationship. We then specify a nonparametric panel data model with country-specific effects …

We propose four different GMM estimators that allow almost consistent estimation of the structural parameters of panel …

provides the panel data base of our study. Firm performance is measured by the survey respondents? ordinal indication of their …