We show in this article that fractionally integrated univariate models for GDP may lead to a better replication of business cycle characteristics. We firstly show that the business cycle features are clearly affected by the degree of integration as well as by the other short run components of...

We propose in this article a general time series model, whose components are modelled in terms of fractionally integrated processes. This specification allows us to consider the trend, the seasonal and the cyclical components as stochastic processes, including the unit root models as particular...

Cointegrated VARMA models can be parameterized by using the echelon form, which is characterized by the Kronecker indices. Three different methods for estimating the Kronecker indices of cointegrated echelon form VARMA models are discussed and compared. They have the common feature of estimating...