Russia wants to realise a high degree of self-regulated stability in the Arctic. Moscow considers this necessary for … well as neighbouring countries and NATO consider these efforts a threat. Russia takes a defensive attitude in the Arctic …, but it is prepared for rapid escalation in the event of confrontation. Russia's Arctic policy is a part of its strategy …

Russia’s war against Ukraine seems to have no immediate end in sight, the strategic competition between China and the … US continues, and the expanding military cooperation between China and Russia increases the challenges facing the … Gorbachev described in 1987. Indeed, this Arctic exceptionalism ended long before Russia’s war of aggression began. In order to …

planned as a result of Russia’s war of aggression, which destroyed the few remaining hopes for cooperation and made the Arctic …