Although the roots of the European Union lie in economic integration, the EU’s economic policy competences and possibilities are narrowly limited in European primary law. Nevertheless, the influence of the EU, and in particular the European Commission, on economic policies of the member states...

Since 2010, amid a series of overlapping crises, the EU has introduced far-reaching instruments both within and beyond the EU treaties that have expanded its responsibilities. These instruments often have a structure-defining character and/or have served as precedents in subsequent crises. An...

The transition to a hydrogen-based economy is gaining momentum in both Germany and the European Union (EU). Used as an energy carrier, hydrogen holds the promise of freeing hard-to-decarbonise sectors like heavy industry, aviation, and maritime trade from their emissions. At the same time,...

Rivalry between the United States and China has become a paradigm of international relations over the past two years. It shapes both strategic debates and real political, military and economic dynamics. The dimensions of Sino-American competition over power and status include growing threat...

In recent years, the Indian Union has experienced a significant rise in status in German and European foreign policy. This process has been fuelled by India’s economic dynamism as the fastest-growing democracy and its geopolitical role as a partner in the Indo-Pacific against China’s...

Überlegungen, wie Wirtschaftskrisen in der EU künftig wirksamer bekämpft und die wirtschaftspolitische Steuerung im Eurogebiet verbessert werden könnten, kreisen oft um die Idee einer Lastenteilung: Wenn die Ressourcen aller Mitgliedstaaten zusammengelegt würden, nähme die Belastung der...

Far-right forces emerged strengthened following the 2024 European Parliament elec­tions. Nonetheless, they still remain divided within the legislative body. The European Conservatives and Reformists (ECR) made moderate gains and is now joined by the Patriots for Europe (PfE) and Europe of...