Economic stagnation and demographic change in Russia are putting intense pressure on the government budget. Tax … revenues have been declining since the late 2000s. Meanwhile, the oil dependency of Russia’s budget has in …

Russia. Rather, a new chapter of enlargement policy is beginning in the shadow of war. After Turkey and the six Western … Balkan countries, the third enlargement area is formed by Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia in Eastern Europe. Ever since Russia …

instability and could weaken the country’s security - in particular in light of Russia’s ambitions to expand its influence in the … region. The consequences for the EU would be enormous. Turkey needs economic and security cooperation with Europe to secure …

Balkans. At least since that time, the region has seen greater involvement by economic actors from non-EU countries such as … China, Russia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Their engagement has been most evident in the areas of direct … intensifying rivalry between the EU on the one hand and Russia and China on the other, the question therefore arises as to how the …

long term, improving air and missile defence in Europe could curb Russia's coercive power vis-à-vis NATO and thereby …

more likely, furthering Turkey’s interests, and potentially limiting Russia’s role in the region. However, the prospect of … backing of Azerbaijan during the 2020 Karabakh War consolidated Ankara’s footprint in the region. Azerbaijan’s retaking of the … a "less Russia, more Turkey" dynamic heightens Tehran’s apprehensions towards Ankara. Particularly concerning for Iran …

Direct negotiations on a ceasefire in Russia's war against Ukraine broke down within just a few months. Today, Moscow …. Russia’s war diplomacy aims to weaken the "collective West" at the global level as part of its strategy to bring external … support for Ukraine to a halt. Ukraine is seeking to isolate Russia internationally. Meanwhile, Russia’s illegal war of …