EU, China, Russia and - across the Black Sea - Iran and Turkey are competing in these zones to influence the … unmistakable competition over integration between the EU and Russia. The eastern Mediterranean region, the Black Sea and Caspian …

for a cultural, military, political and commercial alliance with Turkey’s eastern neighbors, notably Russia, Iran, the …Turkey's neo-Eurasianist ideologues describe themselves as “Kemalist Eurasianists”. They argue that “Eurasianism calls … in the Eurasian space. Turkey’s neo-Eurasianists transformed from incarcerated villains to coalition partners in …

a "less Russia, more Turkey" dynamic heightens Tehran’s apprehensions towards Ankara. Particularly concerning for Iran … more likely, furthering Turkey’s interests, and potentially limiting Russia’s role in the region. However, the prospect of … risks marginal­ising Iran. In addition, Tehran is anxiously observing the deepening of ties between Turkey’s close ally …

-Westernism in Ankara-Moscow relations, and reshape Turkey's relations with Russia and the West. The balancing policy will face a … less permissive environment. However, a rupture in Turkey-Russia relations is not to be expected. Given the prohibitive …-Westernisms manifest themselves differently in policy terms. Finally, Russia's geopolitical revisionism is set to drive Turkey and the West …

The desire of the European Union (EU) to reduce its dependency on Russia for gas and diversify its sources of supply by … turning to the resources of Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Eastern Mediterranean regions theoretically gives Turkey a … major role in the EU’s diversification and energy security policy. However, this strategic role for Turkey seems to be …

actors such as Russia, China and Turkey. Within the WB6, the two "outliers" of Serbia and Bosnia-Herzegovina’s Republika … Srpska use their for­eign and security relations with Russia to achieve their own political goals. While Serbia seeks support …

Among the many significant geopolitical consequences of Russia’s war against Ukraine has been the reinvigoration of the … Middle Corridor, both as a regional economic zone comprising Central Asia, the Caucasus, and Turkey but also as an … increasingly attrac­tive alternative route between Europe and China. Russia’s war has disrupted overland connectivity via the New …

instability and could weaken the country’s security - in particular in light of Russia’s ambitions to expand its influence in the … region. The consequences for the EU would be enormous. Turkey needs economic and security cooperation with Europe to secure …

China, Russia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Their engagement has been most evident in the areas of direct … intensifying rivalry between the EU on the one hand and Russia and China on the other, the question therefore arises as to how the …

Turkey’s policy in the Black Sea region is the result of not only a complex relationship with Russia but also of a … and Russian vision of a regional order that excludes external actors. This can be seen in the way Turkey interpreted the … significantly to the West’s uncer­tainty about Turkey’s foreign policy orientation. However, Ankara is not questioning its security …