welfare. Germany and the EU must develop an electricity foreign policy in order to optimise, modernise, strengthen and expand … EU, China, Russia and - across the Black Sea - Iran and Turkey are competing in these zones to influence the …

Turkey's neo-Eurasianist ideologues describe themselves as “Kemalist Eurasianists”. They argue that “Eurasianism calls … for a cultural, military, political and commercial alliance with Turkey’s eastern neighbors, notably Russia, Iran, the … Turkic countries of Central Asia, and even Pakistan, India and China” and is “hostile towards any type of pro-Western policy …

The AKP leadership's diaspora policy has created tensions between Turkey and European countries. Turkey's gradual slide … security policies of Turkey and the EU have deepened the mistrust in relations between that country and the Union. Concerns … of mosque communities from Turkey's influence in order to maintain a balanced diaspora landscape. …

UK. Meanwhile, Turkey’s policy of dialogue is similar to that of EU members, most notably Germany. However, while there …The Ukraine crisis poses two particularly uneasy questions for Turkey: How to uphold a power balance in the Black Sea …? And how to manage its relations between Russia, Ukraine and the West? So far, Ankara’s policy towards Moscow consists of …

The EU and Germany have set themselves ambitious climate and energy policy targets. Taking into account the need to …

other things, underlined the significance of energy cooperation between the European Union (EU) and Turkey. Traditionally … will decisively shape the nature and future of Turkey-EU energy relations. Indeed, both European and Turkish interests … related to energy security, energy affordability, and climate change mitigation require EU-Turkey cooperation in the …

watershed event for Europe and the wider world, Tur­key included. While Ankara is trying to protect its economy and security … likely that, in the short-term, Turkey's NATO membership and its Association Agreement with the EU will - geopolitically and … anchoring is far from certain, however, mainly due to Turkey’s domestic political dynamics, but also due to the unclarity about …

The war in Ukraine is set to increase the pressure on Turkey's balancing policy, shed light on the role of anti …-Westernism in Ankara-Moscow relations, and reshape Turkey's relations with Russia and the West. The balancing policy will face a … changed con­text, Turkey will continue to seek autonomy in its foreign and security policy. This quest precedes the balancing …

major role in the EU’s diversification and energy security policy. However, this strategic role for Turkey seems to be … turning to the resources of Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Eastern Mediterranean regions theoretically gives Turkey a … overestimated, given the limited share of energy that transits through Turkey to Europe. With the Russian invasion and Europe …

been awarded Turkish citizenship. A few millions of them are now settled in Turkey and exercising social and education …