China, Russia, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Their engagement has been most evident in the areas of direct … investment, trade and energy security. Investments from these countries can increase the risk of “corrosive capital”, which could … intensifying rivalry between the EU on the one hand and Russia and China on the other, the question therefore arises as to how the …

Russia's attack on Ukraine has once again highlighted Europe's heavy dependence on Russian natural gas and thus, among … on Russia. The new emerging political, geopolitical, and energy context will have repercussions on Turkish …

respect to Russia, a similar approach suggests itself. First, because Russia's aggression against Ukraine has significantly … worsened the situation in Europe and beyond for the foreseeable future. Second, because the conception of a Russia policy based …

Russia wants to realise a high degree of self-regulated stability in the Arctic. Moscow considers this necessary for … well as neighbouring countries and NATO consider these efforts a threat. Russia takes a defensive attitude in the Arctic …, but it is prepared for rapid escalation in the event of confrontation. Russia's Arctic policy is a part of its strategy …

components. Although a decoupling from Russia’s raw ma­terial supply is generally possible, there is no way for the EU to achieve …

The desire of the European Union (EU) to reduce its dependency on Russia for gas and diversify its sources of supply by …

and illegitimate. But even more importantly, contacts with critics of the war inside Russia must be maintained. …

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has fundamentally changed the terms of Russia-China economic relations …. Economic cooperation with China has become vital for the Russian economy. Trade turnover between Russia and China has increased … significantly since February 2022. However, Chinese companies remain hesitant about investing in Russia. Energy cooperation remains …

global order. Without indicating a radical shift, the strategy specifies the British response to China and Russia and places …