Russia’s war against Ukraine seems to have no immediate end in sight, the strategic competition between China and the … US continues, and the expanding military cooperation between China and Russia increases the challenges facing the … Gorbachev described in 1987. Indeed, this Arctic exceptionalism ended long before Russia’s war of aggression began. In order to …

Russia wants to realise a high degree of self-regulated stability in the Arctic. Moscow considers this necessary for … well as neighbouring countries and NATO consider these efforts a threat. Russia takes a defensive attitude in the Arctic …, but it is prepared for rapid escalation in the event of confrontation. Russia's Arctic policy is a part of its strategy …

unmistakable competition over integration between the EU and Russia. The eastern Mediterranean region, the Black Sea and Caspian … EU, China, Russia and - across the Black Sea - Iran and Turkey are competing in these zones to influence the …

for a cultural, military, political and commercial alliance with Turkey’s eastern neighbors, notably Russia, Iran, the …

Economic stagnation and demographic change in Russia are putting intense pressure on the government budget. Tax … revenues have been declining since the late 2000s. Meanwhile, the oil dependency of Russia’s budget has in …

Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine has fundamentally changed the terms of Russia-China economic relations …. Economic cooperation with China has become vital for the Russian economy. Trade turnover between Russia and China has increased … significantly since February 2022. However, Chinese companies remain hesitant about investing in Russia. Energy cooperation remains …

Russia's fullscale invasion of Ukraine since 24 February 2022 has not shaken France's security policy as fundamentally … partners that President Emmanuel Macron caused in 2022 with his statements about the need to reach out to Russia. However …